Which document declares the rights of individuals against governmental power?

The Bill of Rights is the correct document that explicitly declares the rights of individuals against governmental power. Ratified in 1791, it consists of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments enumerate specific protections for individuals, such as freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. This framework is fundamental in ensuring that governmental power is limited and that individual liberties are preserved.

In contrast, the Constitution itself serves as the overarching framework for the organization and powers of the government but does not initially include explicit personal rights. The Preamble, while an important introduction to the Constitution that outlines its purposes, does not contain specific rights. The Articles of Confederation were an earlier governing document that established a confederation of states but lacked provisions protecting individual rights, which led to the demand for the Bill of Rights. Thus, the Bill of Rights specifically addresses the rights of individuals within the context of governmental authority.